Ee278

effective metabolism booster that burns an extra 278 calories when taken prior to exercise
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Introduction

Ee278 acts as an effective metabolism booster and is a proprietary blend of capsicum (as Capsimax™ Plus), EGCG and oolong tea that serves to boost the cellular processes that influence thermogenesis and metabolic rate.  Each ingredient of Ee278 serves a specific role and is an important component of the comprehensive BalaFive™ Weight Management Program.

Metabolism is the process that occurs at the cellular level through which cells break down organic nutrients and create energy. This process is defined as catabolism.  Anabolism is an additional metabolic process through which cells use energy to create cellular components that include proteins and nucleic acids. Metabolic processes occur through chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes, which also regulates these processes as the cellular needs change.
Thermogenesis is the process in which the body raises its temperature, or energy output, while BMR (basal metabolic rate) is defined as the minimum amount of energy in calories required to maintain the body’s vital functions. These functions include respiration, cellular breakdown of nutritional intake maintenance of cellular integrity and other vital processes that includes the maintenance of heart and brain functions.

By increasing the thermogenesis within the body, the metabolism is raised and fat cells are then utilized as energy to support this metabolic increase, which is why it is commonly referred to as “fat burning”. The thermogenesis process within the body can be triggered by nutrition, supplements and exercise.

While illness, stress and environment can affect an individual’s metabolic rate; activity and food intake are the primary elements that influence BMR. The effects of exercise can last up to 48 hours and recent studies have concluded that a high proportion of muscle tissue can increase an individual’s metabolic rate, even while at rest.  Recent studies, however, indicate that exercise alone does little to promote weight loss, since it increases appetite and therefore causes a subsequent increase in caloric consumption. A combination of exercise and dietary management is the most effective method for weight control.
The ingredients in Ee278 are known to enhance BMR (via thermogenesis), which is especially important among people that are dieting. Dieting often reduces the metabolic rate by throwing the body into what is known as “starvation mode”. This is the process by which the body automatically slows down metabolism when caloric intake is reduced. It is merely a survival mode as the body is reacting to potential starvation. This is why simple dieting can be counterproductive if there is no method for “kickstarting” the metabolic rate to counteract any potential decrease caused by a reduction in food intake.

Ingredients

The Ee278 formulation is a propriety formulation comprised of EGCG, (epigallocatechin gallate), oolong tea and capcisum (supplied as Capsimax™ Plus).

Capsicum is a group of plants in the Solanacea family that includes a variety of peppers. It has been historically utilized for aiding in digestion and as a topical agent to control inflammation. Capsicum contains both beta-carotene and vitamin C, which is why it has also been acknowledged as an effective antioxidant that has significant anti-inflammatory properties. In addition to the aforementioned properties, however, capsicum has been increasingly recognized for the having a substantial effect on many factors that are inherent to the onset of obesity. Capsimax™ Plus also contains niacin, caffeine, and piperine (black pepper extract).
Ee278 is formulated with Capsimax™ Plus, a proprietary form of capsicum, that introduces a unique delivery system known as Beadlet Technology that enhances its efficacy, while minimizing any potential side effects (see Beadlet Technology below).

EGCG, or epigallocatechin gallate, is a polyphenol of the flavonoid group that is found in green tea.

Green tea has long been recognized as offering numerous health benefits, including weight management. It has been acknowledged that green tea can enhance thermogenesis and ECGC has been identified as the key component in green tea that is responsible for this action in addition to influencing other factors that have been identified as causal factors for obesity.
Oolong tea is a semi-fermented tea that integrates the best qualities of un-oxidized green tea and fully oxidized black tea. It has long been popular in Asia, where it is was first identified as being effective for weight management when it was observed that people that consumed foods high in fat did not gain weight when accompanied by servings of oolong tea. Oolong tea is rich in antioxidants, while also supplying vital minerals and vitamins, such as calcium, manganese, copper, carotin, selenium, and potassium, as well as vitamins A, B, C, E and K., in addition to being a source of folic acid, niacin amide and other detoxifying alkaloids.
Beadlet Technology
While research backing the use of capsaicinoids as an effective tool in weight management is substantial, compliance has proven to be an formidable obstacle. Consuming beneficial levels of hot peppers can cause oral and gastric irritation; therefore, compliance with capsicum-based diet management programs has so far been limited.

 

Capsimax™ Plus utilizes a patent-pending system that allows for the time release of a much higher amount of capsicum, which results in maximum efficacy, but without the side effects that often accompany a therapeutic dose. Using a proprietary matrix of excipients and coatings, Capsimax capsicum extract gives users the maximum effectiveness of capsaicinoids without any oral or gastricirritation, thus solving the problem of capsicum compliance.

Mechanisms of Action

Capsaicinoids are a group of chemicals that occur naturally in some peppers, and consist of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin.
Recent research reveals that capsaicin from cayenne and other chili peppers may inhibit the growth of fat cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is found in muscle and other human tissue, that is known to regulate eating behavior and energy expenditure, in addition to stimulating hepatic and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, animal studies have demonstrated that capsaicin results in an increase in the secretion of adrenaline due to its influence on receptors in the adrenal glands. An increased production of adrenaline increases metabolic rate by interacting with the receptors on fat cells.
The University of Maryland Medical Center reports that both animal and human studies demonstrate that capsaicin supplements may increase a body's production of heat for a short time, as well as regulate blood sugar levels by affecting the breakdown of carbohydrates after eating. It has the potential to stimulate gastric secretions and raise metabolic rate. By increasing metabolism, the body burns fat at a faster than normal rate.

This results in influencing physiological and behavioral changes that can have a significant effect on caloric intake and energy expenditure while also enhancing energy expenditure after meals in addition to suppressing appetite. Additionally, studies indicate that capsicum promotes lipolysis (the breakdown of fat), which can be expected to positively affect body composition.

Green tea has long been recognized as offering numerous health benefits, including being effective for weight management and the dietary management of diabetes. Green tea has been reported to enhance thermogenesis and EGCG, or epigallocatechin gallate, has been identified as the key component in green tea that is responsible for these actions.
EGCG inhibits extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK), activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modulates adipocyte marker proteins, and down-regulates lipogenic enzymes as well as other potential targets. EGCG is capable of inhibiting catechol-O-methyltransferase (the enzyme that degrades norepinephrine), which is a possible explanation for why green tea extract is effective in stimulating thermogenesis. Thermogenesis-induced weight loss produced by green tea's epigallocatechin gallate and its ability to inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase is important for prolonging the action of norepinephrine in the synaptic cleft.

EGCG may also lower levels of leptin, which can prove beneficial as studies indicate that too much leptin in the blood can result in excessive weight gain.

Additional studies have also reported that EGCG can also help control LDL levels when consumed on a regular basis.
Another important mechanism of EGCG is that it reduces the expression of cellular chemicals known as cytokines, which promote inflammation that is recognized as an underlying cause of atherosclerosis and heart disease. EGCG may therefore inhibit inflammation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells within the blood vessel wall, thereby preventing vascular blockage. As inflammation is a contributing element of obesity, this may be action may be an important factor in controlling obesity and its concomitant disease states.

Oolong tea has been known to promote lipolysis, a process where fat (called triglyceride) in fat cells is broken down to supply energy to other parts of the body. It works by blocking the absorption of fat in the digestive tract. Lipase is an enzyme released by the pancreas, and it breaks down fatty foods in the digestive tract so they can be absorbed in the intestine. Oolong tea blocks the action of lipase.

Oolong tea has been known to promote lipolysis, a process where fat (called triglyceride) in fat cells is broken down to supply energy to other parts of the body. It works by blocking the absorption of fat in the digestive tract. Lipase is an enzyme released by the pancreas, and it breaks down fatty foods in the digestive tract so they can be absorbed in the intestine. Oolong tea blocks the action of lipase. Oolong tea has also been shown to limit glucose spiking, while also helping to manage stress. Oolong tea also contains caffeine and while caffeine is often used for weight control, it can be limited by the onset of nervousness. Oolong tea, however, contains L-theanine, which is reported to limit the nervousness that often accompanies caffeine ingestion.

 

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Clinical Indications

Researchers in Africa tested a beadlet form of capsaicin (Capsimax™ Plus) to determine if this formulation of capsaicin would result in increased weight loss and improved body composition. The study provided clear evidence of increased fat oxidation and lipid metabolism. The study tested the effects of Capsimax™ Plus on human subjects for eight days, measuring body mass index (BMI), metabolic rate, fat loss and lean mass.

Subjects had an average decrease in fat weight of 7.8 pounds. The subjects averaged an increase of lean muscle mass of 6.6 pounds after only 4 days and the basal metabolic rate of each subject increased by up to 61 calories per day

 

After 8 days body fat mass had decreased by as much as 8.9 pounds and lean muscle mass increased by 8 pounds. The researchers concluded that Capsimax® altered body composition and fat loss, particularly by increasing lean muscle tissue.
The proprietary hot red pepper extract Capsimax™ was shown to promote a lipolytic effect measured by an increase in glycerol and free fatty acids in blood when compared to placebo. Another examination that took place at the University of Memphis was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in which ten men and ten women participated. After fasting overnight for at least 12 hours, subjects were randomized to a 100 mg. Capsimax™ tablet or to a placebo. The free fatty acid levels in plasma 2 hours after ingestion were increased significantly in the Capsimax™ arm, and one minute post-exercise, the free fatty acid levels were also significantly increased in the subjects who took Capsimax™ At four hours after ingestion, the plasma glycerol concentration was significantly increased in the subjects randomized to Capsimax™.
In this study, heart rate, systolic and diastolic levels were also measured at all blood collection points in the study; at 30 minutes pre-ingestion, two-hours post ingestion and one and ninety minutes after a 30 minute exercise period. Richard J. Bloomer of the University of Memphis found that the administration of Capsimax™ had no adverse impact on heart rate, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, not did it induce gastrointestinal upset or discomfort.
Additional studies confirm the beneficial effects of capsicum for numerous metabolic conditions related to obesity. One study was conducted to measure any effect that capsicum would have on subjects in conjunction with exercise. The autonomous nervous system activity was evaluated by continuous measurement of heart rates, energy metabolism and ECG. This was done initially during five minutes of rest and then during half an hour of low intensity exercise.

The study concluded that the consumption of capsaicin one hour before low intensity exercise was very effective for obese people as it significantly improved fat burn without any adverse effects on the heart.

A separate, 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study was published in the American Journal of Nutrition and was comprised of 40 men and 40 women deemed to be overweight (mean BMI of 30.4). Abdominal adiposity (belly fat) was decreased in the capsicum group as was fat oxidation. There was no significant difference in the tolerability between the capsicum and the placebo groups.
Green tea, and the active ingredient EGCG, has proven to be effective for not only obesity, but also as an important component for the dietary management of diabetes in addition to providing significant cardiac benefits.

Subjects that were identified as people that had consumed green tea for long periods of time were characterized by having a lower percentage of total body fat, smaller waist circumference and decreased waist-to-hip ratio. In intervention studies, it was shown that consumption of green tea can reduce body weight and abdominal fat as well as increase fat oxidation and energy expenditure. Furthermore, green tea consumption may reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes and improve glucose control and insulin sensitivity in human subjects.

The continuous ingestion of green tea extract reduces body fat, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure in females and males without changing their lifestyles. It increased beta-oxidation (fat burning) in the liver by catechins and was associated with the reduction of intra-abdominal body fat, which is known to be a contributing factor in the onset of various chronic diseases.

EGCG has been subject to numerous animal studies that focused on diabetes. This is an important component due to the relationship between obesity and diabetes.
EGCG can improve the survival and function of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cells grown in the laboratory and could have future applications in enhancing the success of pancreatic islet cell transplantation. Furthermore, EGCG suppresses the glucose production of liver cells. Drinking green tea was shown to improve glucose metabolism in healthy human volunteers. One study reported that women who drank four or more cups of tea per day had a tendency toward lower diabetes risk when compared with women who drank no tea.
Extensive animal studies have shown that green tea helps optimize glucose utilization, thereby reducing blood glucose levels for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and has also reduced the accumulation of cholesterol, free fatty acids and triglycerides in the heart of diabetic rats.

Green tea administration significantly reduced elevated serum glucose level in drug-induced diabetic rats and increased glucose tolerance in normal rats and has also has been shown to lower blood glucose levels, both in [chemically induced] diabetic mice and a genetic model of type 2 diabetes

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has been shown to have therapeutic effects in auto-immune inflammatory diseases and obesity. Obesity is currently regarded partially as an inflammatory condition, because of the inflammatory cytokines and higher Th1 cell differentiation detected in obese animal models and human cohort studies. One study revealed that EGCG reduced the body weight and fat infiltration in liver tissue, while improving the serum lipid profiles in mice with diet-induced obesity.
Green tea has been shown in animal studies to reduce satiety. A study conducted at the University of Chicago in 2000 revealed that rats reduced their caloric intake by 60% after seven daily EGCG injections, which resulted in a 21 percent reduction of body weight. Researchers believe that EGCG may alter levels of the “hunger hormone,” thereby resulting in reduced appetite.
One large study was performed to determine the effects of oolong tea consumption on diet-induced overweight and obese subjects. One hundred and two subjects were given 8 grams of oolong tea each day for 6 weeks. The body fat level of the subjects was determined through body weight, height and waist measurements. Thickness of subcutaneous fat was measured on the abdomen 3 centimeters to the right of the umbilicus using ultrasound. The effects of oolong tea on plasma triglyceride levels and total cholesterol were determined and inhibition of plasma lipase and catechins in vitro were studied at the same time.

With respect to weight loss, 70% of severely obese subjects in the same study responded with a decrease of more than a kilogram of weight loss, with 22% experiencing a loss of more than 3 kilograms. 64% of obese subjects and 66% of overweight subjects lost more than a kilogram during the six-week duration of the experiment. Subcutaneous fat content decreased in 12% of subjects. Body weight loss was significantly related to waist size decrease in men and women.

Another Japanese study in 2001 found that drinking a liter of oolong tea a day resulted in a 2 centimeter reduction in waist size for 9 of the 11 study participants and a 2 centimeter reduction in upper arm circumference in 8 of the 11 participants. The study also showed dramatic decreases in the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in study participants after only one month.

 

MeraTrim™ Bilateral for InterHealth July 2012

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MeraTrim™ Product Overview

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MeraTrim™ Research Overview

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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates both obesity and autoinflammatory arthritis aggravated by obesity by altering the balance among CD4+ T-cell subsets.

Byuna JK, Yoonc BY, Jhuna JY, Oha HJ, Kima EK, Mina JK, and Choa ML. Immunology Letters, Volume 157, Issues 1–2, January–February 2014, Pages 51–59

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